# Why I wrote “AI Native: The Mandate to Transform Your Company”
**作者**: Kai-Fu Lee
**日期**: 2026-07-17T00:22:30.000Z
**来源**: [https://x.com/kaifulee/status/2077911788491010275](https://x.com/kaifulee/status/2077911788491010275)
---
I want to share something I have been working on: my new book, AI Native: The Mandate to Transform Your Company, publishing this fall.
Let me first take you on a time machine. In 1983, I applied to the PhD program at Carnegie Mellon University. In my application letter, I wrote that artificial intelligence was “men’s final step to understanding themselves,” and that I hoped to take part in this new science.
That letter has faded and yellowed with age. I have kept it all these years.
My 1983 PhD statement of purpose to Carnegie Mellon University, Kai-Fu Lee
I was right about where the arc would lead. I was wrong about the path.
Back then I believed we would understand intelligence by building machines more like us. AI had other plans. Today, AI has developed on its own terms and is already surpassing us across a widening range of tasks.
But the technical breakthrough is not the main reason I wrote this book.
Over the past year, I have met with the CEOs of hundreds of successful companies. Most are paying for top AI models, building AI teams, launching pilots, and training employees.
Yet in private, they often ask: “Kai-Fu, we are investing in AI. Are we doing it right?”
I ask them: “What has changed in your profit and loss?”
More often than not, the answer is silence.
Resources are flowing in, but the business itself is not changing. That gap between AI activity and operating results is why I wrote AI Native.
Here is the test I give every leader:
> if your AI program has not moved a number on your earnings call, you have not transformed the company. You have funded an expensive AI laboratory.
Too many companies mistake pilots for progress, tools for strategy, and adoption for transformation. Adding a chatbot to an old workflow does not make a company AI-native. Neither does a collection of disconnected copilots. I’ve witnessed many failures since I founded 01.AI, a company focusing on enabling AI transformation three years ago.
The AI-native company is a company rewritten around a new reality: intelligence is becoming abundant. Such companies do not use AI as an add-on, but change to be AI-native in the core.
Two years ago, the best AI agents could complete tasks that took a human expert roughly 6 minutes. Today, leading agents can complete tasks that require more than 14 hours of expert work at roughly 1/100 of the cost.
> The most expensive input companies have ever purchased, human intelligence, is becoming scalable through AI workers.
Organizations were designed to ration scarce intelligence. Expertise sat in departments. Information moved through hierarchies. Decisions waited for meetings, approvals, and handoffs. When intelligence becomes abundant, the company itself must be redesigned.
Many companies are already spending heavily on AI. The great danger is that they will do a great deal, announce a great deal, and transform very little.
This is why AI transformation cannot be simply delegated as a technology project to the CIO or CTO. Technology leaders are essential, but only the CEO can define the ambition, concentrate resources, redesign the operating model, remove barriers, and remain accountable for the result.
> AI transformation is a CEO mandate.
This is a transformation far more profound than the Industrial Revolution. Its impact is being felt not in decades but quarters. How companies build, operate, and compete is already changing. Business leaders now have to confront three defining questions that are simple to extrapolate, but hard to resolve without fundamental rethinking:
- How do we make AI show up directly in revenue, margins, operating efficiency, and cash flow?
- As intelligence is commoditized, what is the future of work and the future of leadership?
- And as AI grows more capable, how must the company itself—its structure, its roles, its incentives—be remade?
The future is now. Not in 10 years. Not after the technology settles. The capability curve is moving in quarters, and the competitive gap is compounding.
I wrote this book for the leader who senses the wave, suspects much of what they have heard is noise, and wants clear ideas to act on Monday morning.
That means putting AI directly to work on enterprise value, not at the edges, but at the core. Where can it create revenue, rewrite costs, improve capital allocation, accelerate products, deepen customer relationships, and expose problems the organization has learned not to see?
In the book, I explain how to build a decision brain for the enterprise: an AI system with memory, context, company knowledge, and the ability to identify anomalies, execute actions, coordinate work, and learn from outcomes. I will also discuss how AI-native companies will flatten organizations and unleash internal entrepreneurship, breeding a new class of DRIs (directly responsible individuals) who use AI to amplify their best people.
While AI can expand what an organization is capable of, it cannot decide what the organization should stand for. In the final chapter, I share my view that AI does not diminish leadership: it makes leadership more consequential, sharpening what matters most: taste, foresight, courage, and judgment.
> AI did not invent a new kind of leadership. It re-crowned the oldest kind.
I have spent four decades working on the frontier of AI as a scientist, engineer, executive, investor, author, and entrepreneur. These roles form a single arc that began with the faded application letter. In 1983, I wrote:
Artificial intelligence is the elucidation of human learning process, the quantification of human thinking process, the explication of human behavior, and the understanding of what makes intelligence possible. It is men’s final step to understanding themselves, and I hope to take part in this new, but most promising science.
AI Native is what I have learned along that arc, and what I believe business leaders must understand now.
The question is no longer whether AI will change your company. The question is whether you will shape that change before the competition does, or whether the technology itself shapes it for you.
Let us begin.
AI Native: The Mandate to Transform Your Company will be published this fall: the eBook and audiobook on September 15, followed by the U.S. hardcover on November 3.
Pre-order on Amazon and Barnes and Noble for the U.S. or Amazon UK and Waterstones.
Lastly, I am truly grateful for those endorsements. Your words mean a lot to me.
“Kai-Fu Lee is among our most prescient thinkers and writers on the subject of artificial intelligence. AI Native shows why organizations must rethink how they learn, organize, build IP, and thrive in this new era.” — Satya Nadella, Chairman & CEO, Microsoft
“Kai-Fu Lee is a world-class researcher…. He is also a leading investor, and an accomplished business leader, so he speaks with great authority when he describes how companies should incorporate AI and how people can remain relevant.” — Geoffrey Hinton, Nobel Laureate in Physics
"Economists have long understood that organizations run on asymmetric information: those who act know what those who decide cannot see. Kai-Fu Lee understands that AI's most profound effect at the enterprise level is to attack that asymmetry at its root…. AI Native turns that insight into a concrete, compelling operating model." — Michael Spence, Nobel laureate in economics and Dean Emeritus, Stanford Graduate School of Business
“Finally, here’s a book for leaders who sense AI’s vast potential but need a roadmap. As Kai-Fu Lee argues with brilliance and clarity, the boring parts of the business—your company’s accumulated trove of knowledge—is where the extraordinary value is hiding.” — Eric Schmidt, former CEO of Google and bestselling author of The Age of AI
“Kai-Fu Lee has long been one of the clearest and most thoughtful voices on how AI is transforming business and society.” — Dr. Lisa Su, Chair and CEO, AMD
“Enterprises that integrate artificial intelligence thoughtfully will flourish; those that do not will fail. As an AI pioneer, executive, investor, and visionary, Kai-Fu Lee is exceptionally well positioned to explain what this moment demands. AI Native is a clear, urgent, and practical guide to redesigning organizations around abundant intelligence, while preserving meaning, dignity, and human purpose.” — Peter Brown, CEO, Renaissance Technologies
“This is the guide every leader needs to figure out what to do with AI. As a pioneering computer scientist, successful founder, and influential investor, Kai-Fu Lee is uniquely positioned to understand the challenges and opportunities of smart machines for organizations. His advice is timely, strategic, and actionable.” — Adam Grant, #1 New York Times bestselling author of HIDDEN POTENTIAL and THINK AGAIN, and host of the podcast Re:Thinking
“I hear the same question again and again: how do we turn AI pilots into real business results? Kai-Fu Lee answers that question with extraordinary clarity….. the key is not simply adopting new technology, but transforming the business itself—its workflows, decision rights, talent, data, and culture.” —Erik Brynjolfsson, Stanford professor, co-author of best-selling The Second Machine Age, and co-founder of Workhelix
“With AI Native, Kai-Fu Lee has written an essential guide for leaders building the next generation of great companies.” — Marc Benioff, chair and CEO of Salesforce
"As machine cognition advances, human comparative advantage moves to the open-ended problems, where a person stands between the tool and the need it serves. Mastering this transformation takes more than layoffs. Leaders must move their organizations and workforces toward that work, where value is growing, and away from the tasks machines now automate. AI Native is written for the executives who must make that move." — David Autor, Department Head, MIT Department of Economics
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*导出时间: 2026/7/17 11:26:01*
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## 中文翻译
# 我为什么要写《AI 原生：企业转型的必经之路》
**作者**: Kai-Fu Lee
**日期**: 2026-07-17T00:22:30.000Z
**来源**: [https://x.com/kaifulee/status/2077911788491010275](https://x.com/kaifulee/status/2077911788491010275)
---
我想分享我一直在做的一项工作：我的新书《AI 原生：企业转型的必经之路》（AI Native: The Mandate to Transform Your Company），将于今年秋季出版。
首先，请让我带您坐一趟时光机。1983 年，我申请了卡内基梅隆大学的博士项目。在我的申请信中，我写道，人工智能是“人类理解自身的最后一步”，并希望能参与到这门新科学中。
那封信随着岁月的流逝已经泛黄。这些年来我一直保存着它。
我 1983 年提交给卡内基梅隆大学的博士申请陈述，Kai-Fu Lee
我对这条弧线将通向何处的判断是正确的。但我对路径的判断是错误的。
那时，我相信通过建造更像我们的机器，我们就能理解智能。人工智能却另有打算。如今，人工智能按照自己的逻辑发展，且已经在越来越多的任务上超越了我们要。
但我写这本书的主要原因并非技术上的突破。
在过去的一年里，我与数百家成功企业的 CEO 进行了会面。大多数公司都在付费使用顶级 AI 模型、组建 AI 团队、启动试点项目以及培训员工。
但在私下里，他们经常问：“开复，我们在投资 AI。我们这样做对吗？”
我问他们：“你们的损益表（P&L）有什么变化？”
往往，回答是沉默。
资源源源不断地投入，但业务本身却没有改变。这种 AI 活动与运营结果之间的差距，就是我撰写《AI 原生》的原因。
这是我给每一位领导者的测试：
> 如果你的 AI 项目没有改变你们财报电话会上的任何一个数字，那你就没有完成公司转型。你只是资助了一个昂贵的 AI 实验室。
太多公司误将试点当作进步，将工具当作战略，将采用当作转型。在旧的工作流程中添加一个聊天机器人，并不能让一家公司变成 AI 原生公司。拥有一堆互不连通的副驾驶（Copilot）也不是。自从三年前我创办 01.AI（一家专注于赋能 AI 转型的公司）以来，我见证了许多失败。
AI 原生公司是一家围绕新现实重塑的公司：智能正在变得充裕。这类公司不把 AI 当作附加组件，而是在核心上转变为 AI 原生。
两年前，最好的 AI 智能体可以完成大约需要人类专家 6 分钟的任务。如今，领先的智能体可以完成需要超过 14 小时专家工作的任务，且成本大约只有 1/100。
> 企业购买过的最昂贵的投入——人类智能，正通过 AI 工人变得可扩展。
组织的设计初衷是为了配给稀缺的智能。专业知识局限于各个部门。信息通过层级流动。决策等待会议、审批和交接。当智能变得充裕时，公司本身必须被重新设计。
许多公司已经在 AI 上投入巨资。巨大的危险在于，他们会做很多事，宣布很多事，但真正转型的却很少。
这就是为什么 AI 转型不能简单地作为技术项目委派给 CIO 或 CTO。技术领导者至关重要，但只有 CEO 才能定义雄心、集中资源、重新设计运营模式、消除障碍，并对结果负责。
> AI 转型是 CEO 的使命。
这是一场比工业革命深远得多的转型。它的影响不是以几十年为单位，而是以季度为单位感受到的。公司如何构建、运营和竞争已经在发生变化。商业领袖现在必须面对三个决定性的问题——这些问题很容易推导，但如果不从根本上重新思考，就很难解决：
- 我们如何让 AI 直接体现在收入、利润率、运营效率和现金流上？
- 随着智能变得商品化，工作和领导力的未来是什么？
- 随着 AI 变得更强大，公司本身——其结构、角色、激励机制——必须如何重塑？
未来就是现在。不是 10 年后。不是等技术稳定之后。能力曲线以季度为单位移动，而竞争差距正在复合增长。
我写这本书是为了那些感知到浪潮、怀疑所听到的多为噪音、并希望在周一早上就能付诸行动的领导者。
这意味着让 AI 直接为企业价值服务，而不是在边缘，而是在核心。它能在哪里创造收入、重写成本、改善资本配置、加速产品开发、加深客户关系，并暴露出组织已经学会视而不见的问题？
在书中，我解释了如何为企业构建一个“决策大脑”：一个具有记忆、上下文、公司知识，并能够识别异常、执行行动、协调工作以及从结果中学习的 AI 系统。我还将讨论 AI 原生公司将如何扁平化组织并释放内部创业精神，培养出一类新的 DRI（直接负责人），他们利用 AI 来放大最优秀员工的能力。
虽然 AI 可以扩展组织的能力，但它无法决定组织应该代表什么。在最后一章，我分享了我的观点：AI 并没有削弱领导力；它让领导力变得更加举足轻重，从而磨练出最重要的东西：品味、远见、勇气和判断力。
> AI 并没有发明一种新的领导力。它加冕了最古老的那种领导力。
四十年来，作为科学家、工程师、高管、投资者、作家和企业家，我一直工作在 AI 的前沿。这些角色形成了一条单一的弧线，始于那封泛黄的申请信。1983 年，我写道：
人工智能是人类学习过程的阐明，是人类思维过程的量化，是人类行为的解释，也是对什么使智能成为可能的理解。这是人类理解自身的最后一步，我希望参与到这门崭新但最有前途的科学中。
《AI 原生》是我在那条弧线上学到的东西，也是我相信商业领袖现在必须理解的内容。
问题不再是 AI 是否会改变你的公司。问题是你是否能在竞争对手之前塑造这种变革，还是让技术本身为你塑造这种变革。
让我们开始吧。
《AI 原生：企业转型的必经之路》将于今年秋季出版：电子书和有声书将于 9 月 15 日上市，随后美国精装版将于 11 月 3 日上市。
请前往 Amazon 和 Barnes & Noble（美国）或 Amazon UK 和 Waterstones 预购。
最后，我真诚地感谢这些推荐语。你们的话对我意义重大。
“Kai-Fu Lee 是我们在人工智能领域最具前瞻性的思想家作家之一。《AI 原生》展示了为什么组织必须重新思考如何学习、组织、构建知识产权以及如何在这个新时代蓬勃发展。” — 萨提亚·纳德拉，微软董事长兼 CEO
“Kai-Fu Lee 是世界级的研究员…… 他也是领先的投资者和杰出的商业领袖，所以当他描述公司应该如何整合 AI 以及人们如何保持相关性时，他的话极具权威。” — 杰弗里·辛顿，诺贝尔物理学奖得主
“经济学家早就明白，组织是建立在不完全信息的基础上的：行动者知道决策者看不到的东西。Kai-Fu Lee 明白，AI 在企业层面最深远的影响是从根本上攻击这种不对称性…… 《AI 原生》将这一洞察转化为了一种具体、引人注目的运营模式。” — 迈克尔·斯宾塞，诺贝尔经济学奖得主，斯坦福商学院名誉院长
“终于，有一本书是写给那些感知到 AI 巨大潜力但需要路线图的领导者看的。正如 Kai-Fu Lee 以其卓越的清晰度所论证的那样，业务中‘无聊’的部分——你们公司积累的知识宝库——正是隐藏着非凡价值的地方。” — 埃里克·施密特，谷歌前 CEO，《人工智能时代》畅销书作者
“长期以来，Kai-Fu Lee 一直是关于 AI 如何改变商业和社会最清晰、最深思熟虑的声音之一。” — 苏姿丰 博士，AMD 董事长兼 CEO
“深思熟虑地整合人工智能的企业将蓬勃发展；不这样做的企业将会失败。作为 AI 先驱、高管、投资人和远见者，Kai-Fu Lee 的位置让他非常适合解释这一刻需要什么。《AI 原生》是一本清晰、紧迫且实用的指南，指导围绕充裕智能重新设计组织，同时保留意义、尊严和人类目标。” — 彼得·布朗，文艺复兴科技 CEO
“这是每位领导者都需要弄清楚该用 AI 做什么的指南。作为开创性的计算机科学家、成功的创始人和有影响力的投资者，Kai-Fu Lee 拥有独特的优势来理解智能机器给组织带来的挑战和机遇。他的建议及时、战略且可操作。” — 亚当·格兰特，《纽约时报》排名第一的畅销书《隐藏的潜力》和《重新思考》作者，Re:Thinking 播客主持人
“我一遍又一遍地听到同样的问题：我们如何将 AI 试点转化为真正的业务成果？Kai-Fu Lee 以非凡的清晰度回答了这个问题…… 关键不在于简单地采用新技术，而在于改变业务本身——其工作流程、决策权、人才、数据和文化。” — 埃里克·布林约尔松，斯坦福大学教授，畅销书《第二次机器时代》合著者，Workhelix 联合创始人
“通过《AI 原生》，Kai-Fu Lee 为那些正在构建下一代伟大公司的领导者撰写了一本必不可少的指南。” — 马克·贝尼奥夫，Salesforce 董事长兼 CEO
“随着机器认知的进步，人类的比较优势转移到了开放式问题上，即人站在工具与其服务的需求之间。掌握这种转变不仅仅是裁员。领导者必须将其组织和工作队伍推向价值增长的工作，远离机器现在自动化的任务。《AI 原生》是为那些必须做出这一转变的高管们写的。” — 大卫·奥托，麻省理工学院经济系主任
#AINative #AITransformation #Leadership #EnterpriseAI #AIStrategy #CEO